Empirical Transit Dataset · 6,433,405 Train Movement Observations · 3,255 Disruption Episodes (Since 18 Sep 2026)
London Tube Line Headways, Hop Medians & Disruption Recovery
The Tube Hound router prices every journey across 447 venue-anchored stations (456 network station groups) and 20 lines from 6,433,405 empirical TfL train movement observations (4,750,534 platform headway observations and 1,682,871 inter-station hop ride observations) and 3,255 logged disruption episodes since 18 Sep 2026 rather than timetable averages. Across 4,596 platform headway medians and 3,638 stop-band hop medians (1,218 directed station hops), the fastest peak frequencies run on the Victoria line (2.0 min peak gap, 120s median hop), Waterloo & City line (2.0 min peak gap, 218s end-to-end hop), Jubilee line (2.5 min peak gap, 149s hop), and Northern line (2.5 min peak gap, 119s hop). The Elizabeth line averages a 5.0 min peak headway and 180s high-speed hop across its 41 stations, while the Central and District lines average 3.1 min and 3.5 min peak headways.
| Line | Mode | Peak Gap (p90 Tail) | Off-Peak Gap | Night Gap | Median Hop Ride | Empirical Samples | Incidents (Since 18 Sep 2026) | Median Recovery | Top Delay Cause | Top Bottleneck Corridor | Learned Hops | Stations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bakerloo | Underground | 3.5m (9.1m p90) | 3.5 min | 4.0 min | 120s (2.0 min) | 174,801 | 182 | 37.2 min | Signal failure (28%) | Queen's Park ↔ Harrow & Wealdstone (14×) | 144 | 25 |
| Central | Underground | 3.1m (6.0m p90) | 3.4 min | 5.0 min | 150s (2.5 min) | 528,573 | 208 | 58.5 min | Train / timetable cancellation (48%) | Hainault ↔ Leytonstone (4×) | 291 | 49 |
| Circle | Underground | 9.0m (10.0m p90) | 9.5 min | 9.1 min | 90s (1.5 min) | 39,712 | 132 | 30.9 min | Defective train (35%) | Edgware Road (Circle Line) ↔ Aldgate (5×) | 189 | 36 |
| District | Underground | 3.5m (7.0m p90) | 3.6 min | 5.0 min | 120s (2.0 min) | 409,639 | 418 | 19.6 min | Train / timetable cancellation (36%) | Whitechapel ↔ Embankment (15×) | 336 | 60 |
| Hammersmith & City | Underground | 5.0m (10.5m p90) | 6.0 min | 8.0 min | 119s (2.0 min) | 215,057 | 109 | 29.2 min | Train / timetable cancellation (36%) | Liverpool Street ↔ Barking (7×) | 168 | 29 |
| Jubilee | Underground | 2.5m (3.0m p90) | 3.0 min | 4.0 min | 149s (2.5 min) | 324,304 | 144 | 20.7 min | Track / infrastructure fault (25%) | Canary Wharf ↔ Stratford (6×) | 156 | 27 |
| Metropolitan | Underground | 5.0m (7.5m p90) | 5.0 min | 6.0 min | 150s (2.5 min) | 214,591 | 369 | 26.4 min | Train / timetable cancellation (46%) | Harrow-on-the-Hill ↔ Uxbridge (17×) | 210 | 34 |
| Northern | Underground | 2.5m (3.0m p90) | 2.6 min | 3.5 min | 119s (2.0 min) | 957,900 | 201 | 18.2 min | Signal failure (24%) | High Barnet ↔ Camden Town (9×) | 318 | 52 |
| Piccadilly | Underground | 3.5m (10.5m p90) | 4.0 min | 5.0 min | 149s (2.5 min) | 326,894 | 209 | 24.4 min | Signal failure (51%) | Rayners Lane ↔ Uxbridge (19×) | 312 | 53 |
| Victoria | Underground | 2.0m (2.0m p90) | 2.1 min | 3.3 min | 120s (2.0 min) | 101,971 | 147 | 111.6 min | Train / timetable cancellation (53%) | Victoria ↔ Brixton (11×) | 90 | 16 |
| Waterloo & City | Underground | 2.0m (2.0m p90) | 2.0 min | — | 218s (3.6 min) | 688 | 77 | 35.7 min | Train / timetable cancellation (29%) | Whole-line / minor delays | 3 | 2 |
| Elizabeth line | Elizabeth line | 5.0m (14.0m p90) | 6.4 min | 7.2 min | 180s (3.0 min) | 760,052 | 232 | 31.4 min | Customer / security incident (27%) | London Paddington ↔ Reading (8×) | 252 | 41 |
| DLR | DLR | 5.0m (9.0m p90) | 6.0 min | 7.0 min | 120s (2.0 min) | 1,237,187 | 107 | 27.1 min | Defective train (58%) | Tower Gateway ↔ Shadwell (8×) | 261 | 45 |
| Liberty (Timetable fallback) | Overground | 30.0m (30.0m p90) | 30.0 min | 30.0 min | 254s (4.2 min) | 10,106 | 53 | 55.7 min | Operational / timetable adjustment (100%) | Whole-line / minor delays | Timetable | 3 |
| Lioness | Overground | 12.7m (14.9m p90) | 13.8 min | 14.0 min | 150s (2.5 min) | 121,661 | 83 | 52.3 min | Signal failure (50%) | Harrow & Wealdstone ↔ Willesden Junction (4×) | 108 | 19 |
| Mildmay | Overground | 5.0m (9.0m p90) | 6.0 min | 6.4 min | 150s (2.5 min) | 328,972 | 167 | 55.0 min | Defective train (37%) | Richmond (London) ↔ Willesden Junction (10×) | 168 | 28 |
| Suffragette | Overground | 13.2m (30.0m p90) | 12.4 min | 10.5 min | 180s (3.0 min) | 43,546 | 106 | 96.1 min | Operational / timetable adjustment (90%) | South Tottenham ↔ Barking Riverside (26×) | 72 | 13 |
| Weaver | Overground | 10.4m (16.4m p90) | 13.0 min | 11.7 min | 126s (2.1 min) | 171,949 | 90 | 54.8 min | Operational / timetable adjustment (38%) | Hackney Downs ↔ Chingford (8×) | 144 | 25 |
| Windrush | Overground | 6.0m (14.5m p90) | 5.5 min | 6.0 min | 150s (2.5 min) | 430,234 | 103 | 43.0 min | Signal failure (29%) | Surrey Quays ↔ Clapham Junction (13×) | 168 | 29 |
| Tram | Tram | 6.4m (9.4m p90) | 6.6 min | 14.8 min | 120s (2.0 min) | 35,568 | 118 | 84.7 min | Track / infrastructure fault (80%) | East Croydon ↔ Beckenham Junction (32×) | 236 | 39 |
Methodology: Headway (`gap`) is the median interval in seconds between consecutive trains on the same platform direction (`way`) during peak (07:00–10:00, 16:00–19:00), off-peak (10:00–16:00, 19:00–22:00), and night (22:00–07:00) London bands. Hop ride (`ride`) is the median elapsed time between neighbouring stations for the same `vehicle_id`. Median recovery (`mttr_min`) is the median duration of closed unplanned disruption episodes (`1.0 <= dur_min <= 720.0`).
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